The significance of green spaces and their accessibility for all was recognized by both Greek and Roman cultures. The Greeks preferred gathering in large public areas instead of private gardens. Trees such as elms and yews were used to enhance public monuments, converting them into parks where people could come together to meditate and exchange ideas. Monuments still adorn many parks, including Dunorlan Park in my home town of Tunbridge Wells, which even boasts a Grecian temple and statue.
In modern times, public parks play a vital role in promoting mental health and overall well-being. According to Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, "When surrounded by trees and green space blood pressure and stress levels decrease, whilst trees have been found to enhance mood and improve self-esteem" (Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, 2021).
In Rome, Caesar Augustus gifted his garden to the public, and imperial gardens were opened for public enjoyment. Today, the Royal Horticultural Society hosts garden shows for the public, and The National Trust preserves places of natural beauty and historic interest across the UK. Wakehurst, Kew's wild botanic garden, is a personal favourite and serves as a hub for UK biodiversity and global conservation. A nod to Theophrastus who created the first recorded botanic garden in ancient Rome, which became a collection of diverse plants and trees.
Plants commonly found in Roman gardens, such as plane trees, laurel, box, ivy, ferns, and roses, are still prevalent in UK gardens. Rooftop gardens and hothouses were introduced during the Roman era, and the popularity of "green roofs" has surged in recent years as a way to conserve energy.
Ornamental horticulture was displayed at its finest in Imperial Rome, showcasing a deep understanding of plant materials suitable for pleasure gardens. They separated food-bearing trees from ornamental ones, creating functional gardens for produce and gardens for leisure activities. I personally like the division, however, having completely separate gardens may be a step too far for most of us.
The Greeks took inspiration from plants when designing buildings with intricate motifs, which continues to this day. Container gardening was also practised by the Greeks, where they planted quick-growing seeds in pots or shards for the festival of Adonis. Planting in pots is a favourite of mine as it allows constant editing of the garden design as and when various plants come into bloom.
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